看了好多Android技术博客,写android分层架构的博客越来越多,有mvc、mvp、mvvm、clean等各式各样的,而mvp异常火热,然而每个人对mvp的定义又是不同,写法自然也是千紫万红。
写一个实用分层清晰的mvp架构
mvp无非 model(数据)、view(界面)、presenter(逻辑)。model对应本地持久化或远程服务端数据,而在笔者看来其实就是对应一个bean对象,然而这个bean对象由远程服务器或本地持久化而得到,因而此层需封装网络请求和本地持久化;view对应activity、fragment以及它们对应的xml布局文件,这层只负责做ui显示;presenter对应逻辑处理层,所做的事情很多,包括网络请求操作、读取缓存数据操作、算法计算等等。
接下来写代码来分析笔者认为优雅的mvp分层架构,开始看一下项目分组,如下图所示:
从上图我们看到module下有四个分组,分别对应:contract、model、presenter、views。相信大部分童鞋对contract有点疑惑,这个分组是干啥用的呢?contract是作为契约,目的是将presenter、views等接口集中关联起来,便于统一管理。
打开契约分组,我们看到四个接口和一个类,分别为IActivityLifeCycle(Activity生命周期接口类)、IBaseActivity(Activity接口基类 界面层的)、IBaseFragment(Fragment接口基类 界面层的)、IBasePresenter(逻辑层基类 逻辑层的)、UserInfoContract(用户信息契约类,关联view层与presenter层接口,方便统一管理)。
IActivityLifeCycle代码如下:
/**
* @className: IActivityLifeCycle
* @classDescription: 生命周期接口(为了实现Activity UI层生命周期映射到逻辑层)
* @author: leibing
* @createTime: 2016/8/11
*/
public interface IActivityLifeCycle {
void onCreate();
void onRestart();
void onStart();
void onResume();
void onPause();
void onStop();
void onDestroy();
}
IActivityLifeCycle 作为一个activity生命周期接口,为了将activity生命周期映射到对应presenter层,便于逻辑层能更好的处理跟activity生命周期有关的事件。
IBaseActivity代码如下:
package com.ym.mvpdemo.module.contract;
/**
* @className: IBaseActivity
* @classDescription: activity接口基类
* @author: leibing
* @createTime: 2016/8/11
*/
public interface IBaseActivity<T> {
// 设置逻辑
void setPresenter(T mIActivityPresenter);
// 设置生命周期
void setILifeCycle(IActivityLifeCycle mIActivityLifeCycle);
}
IBaseActivity作为一个view层的activity接口基类,主要是设置逻辑层和设置生命周期,将逻辑层与界面层绑定起来,将activity生命周期映射到逻辑层去。
IBaseFragment代码如下:
package com.ym.mvpdemo.module.contract;
/**
* @className:IBaseFragment
* @classDescription:Fragment接口基类
* @author: leibing
* @createTime: 2016/8/12
*/
public interface IBaseFragment<T> {
// 设置逻辑
void setPresenter(T mIFragmentPresenter);
}
IBaseFragment作为一个view层的fragment接口基类,主要是设置逻辑层,将逻辑层与界面层绑定起来。
IBasePresenter代码如下:
package com.ym.mvpdemo.module.contract;
/**
* @className: IBasePresenter
* @classDescription: 逻辑层基类
* @author: leibing
* @createTime: 2016/8/11
*/
public interface IBasePresenter {
// 逻辑层开始执行方法
void start();
}
IBasePresenter作为一个逻辑层基类,主要做界面层与逻辑层绑定之后,逻辑层初始化工作。
UserInfoContract比较重要,大家仔细看看,代码如下:
package com.ym.mvpdemo.module.contract;
import com.ym.mvpdemo.module.model.UserInfoModel;
/**
* @className: UserInfoContract
* @classDescription: 用户信息契约类
* @author: leibing
* @createTime: 2016/8/11
*/
public class UserInfoContract {
/**
* 用户信息activity中用于更新UI的方法集合
* @interfaceName: IUserInfoActivity
* @interfaceDescription: View接口
* @author: leibing
* @createTime: 2016/08/23
*/
public interface IUserInfoActivity extends IBaseActivity<IUserInfoActivityPresenter> {
void showLoading();//展示加载框
void dismissLoading();//取消加载框展示
void showUserInfo(UserInfoModel userInfoModel);//将网络请求得到的用户信息回调
String loadUserId();//假设接口请求需要一个userId
}
/**
* 用户信息Fragment中用于更新UI的方法集合
* @interfaceName: IFragment
* @interfaceDescription: Fragment接口
* @author: leibing
* @createTime: 2016/08/23
*/
public interface IUserInfoFragment extends IBaseFragment<IUserInfoFragmentPresenter> {
void showData(); // 假定显示数据
}
/**
* 用户信息activity逻辑层需要使用的方法集合
* @interfaceName: IUserInfoActivityPresenter
* @interfaceDescription: 用户信息Activity逻辑层接口
* @author: leibing
* @createTime: 2016/08/23
*/
public interface IUserInfoActivityPresenter extends IBasePresenter {
void loadUserInfo();
}
/**
* 用户信息Fragment逻辑层需要使用的方法集合
* @interfaceName: IUserInfoFragmentPresenter
* @interfaceDescription: 用户信息Fragment逻辑层接口
* @author: leibing
* @createTime: 2016/08/23
*/
public interface IUserInfoFragmentPresenter extends IBasePresenter {
void loadData();
}
}
UserInfoContract作为一个契约类,将界面层与逻辑层接口进行集中管理,便于提高接口可读性。
契约分组分析完了,然后我们再看model,model结构图如下所示:
至此,我们看到httprequest、data两个分组,这两分组分别对应网络请求封装和数据持久化封装,这两块封装看个人了,没有一个绝对的方案,我们还看到一个UserInfoModel,这里我就先放外面了,没放httprequest和data里面去了,这里具体封装具体放对应的位置,网络请求封装可以参考基于Retrofit、OkHttp、Gson封装通用网络框架、持久化数据封装可以参考android基于xml实现的对象缓存方案。
接下来我们分析View层,View分组如下图所示:
view分组就一个activity和一个fragment,其实这层很简单,主要做更新ui的工作,代码结构也比较清晰,笔者在activity里面将对应生命周期映射到了其逻辑层上面去了,这样省去了在生命周期上面 view层往逻辑层写方法的麻烦。
activity代码如下:
package com.ym.mvpdemo.module.views.userinfo;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.App.Fragment;
import android.support.v4.view.ViewPager;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import com.ym.mvpdemo.R;
import com.ym.mvpdemo.adapter.ViewpagerAdapter;
import com.ym.mvpdemo.module.contract.IActivityLifeCycle;
import com.ym.mvpdemo.module.contract.UserInfoContract;
import com.ym.mvpdemo.module.model.UserInfoModel;
import com.ym.mvpdemo.module.presenter.userinfo.UserInfoActivityPresenter;
import JAVA.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import butterknife.BindView;
import butterknife.ButterKnife;
import butterknife.OnClick;
/**
* @className: UserInfoActivity
* @classDescription: UI层(Activity)
* @author: leibing
* @createTime: 2016/8/11
*/
public class UserInfoActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements UserInfoContract.IUserInfoActivity{
// 切换Tab常量
public final static int HOME_INDEX = 0;
public final static int CZH_INDEX = 1;
public final static int ME_INDEX = 2;
// Activity逻辑层接口
private UserInfoContract.IUserInfoActivityPresenter mIActivityPresenter;
// 生命周期接口
private IActivityLifeCycle mIActivityLifeCycle;
// Fragment
private UserInfoFragment mHomeFragment;
private UserInfoFragment mCzhFragment;
private UserInfoFragment mMineFragment;
// Fragement列表
private List<Fragment> mFragmentList;
// 标题列表
private List<String> mTitleList;
@BindView(R.id.tv_name) TextView nameTv;
@BindView(R.id.tv_age) TextView ageTv;
@BindView(R.id.tv_address) TextView addressTv;
@BindView(R.id.vpg_main) ViewPager mainPager;
@BindView(R.id.tv_main_home) TextView mainHomeTv;
@BindView(R.id.tv_main_czh) TextView mainCzhTv;
@BindView(R.id.tv_main_me) TextView mainMeTv;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
// 绑定ButterKnife
ButterKnife.bind(this);
// 初始化list
initList();
// 初始化Fragment
initFragment();
// 初始化逻辑
new UserInfoActivityPresenter(this);
mIActivityPresenter.start();
// View映射onCreate生命周期到Presenter
mIActivityLifeCycle.onCreate();
}
/**
* 初始化列表
* @author leibing
* @createTime 2016/8/11
* @lastModify 2016/8/11
* @return
*/
private void initList() {
mFragmentList = new ArrayList<>();
mTitleList = new ArrayList<>();
}
/**
* 初始化Fragment
* @author leibing
* @createTime 2016/8/11
* @lastModify 2016/8/11
* @param
* @return
*/
private void initFragment() {
// 首页
mHomeFragment = new UserInfoFragment();
Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
bundle.putSerializable(UserInfoFragment.PAGE_INDEX, HOME_INDEX);
mHomeFragment.setArguments(bundle);
mFragmentList.add(mHomeFragment);
// 车智汇
mCzhFragment = new UserInfoFragment();
bundle = new Bundle();
bundle.putSerializable(UserInfoFragment.PAGE_INDEX, CZH_INDEX);
mCzhFragment.setArguments(bundle);
mFragmentList.add(mCzhFragment);
// 我的
mMineFragment = new UserInfoFragment();
bundle = new Bundle();
bundle.putSerializable(UserInfoFragment.PAGE_INDEX, ME_INDEX);
mMineFragment.setArguments(bundle);
mFragmentList.add(mMineFragment);
// ViewPager适配
ViewpagerAdapter mAdapter = new ViewpagerAdapter(
getSupportFragmentManager(), mFragmentList, mTitleList);
mainPager.setAdapter(mAdapter);
mainPager.setOffscreenPageLimit(3);
mainPager.addOnPageChangeListener(new ViewPager.OnPageChangeListener() {
@Override
public void onPageSelected(int position) {
}
@Override
public void onPageScrollStateChanged(int state) {
}
@Override
public void onPageScrolled(int position, float positionOffset, int positionOffsetPixels) {
if (positionOffset == 0.0)
switchTab(position);
}
});
mainPager.setCurrentItem(0);
}
/**
* 切换Tab页
* @author leibing
* @createTime 2016/5/6
* @lastModify 2016/5/6
* @param index
* @return
*/
private void switchTab(int index){
switch (index){
case HOME_INDEX:
mainHomeTv.setTextColor(getResources().getColor(R.color.main_home_text_blue));
mainCzhTv.setTextColor(getResources().getColor(R.color.main_home_text_gray));
mainMeTv.setTextColor(getResources().getColor(R.color.main_home_text_gray));
break;
case CZH_INDEX:
mainHomeTv.setTextColor(getResources().getColor(R.color.main_home_text_gray));
mainCzhTv.setTextColor(getResources().getColor(R.color.main_home_text_blue));
mainMeTv.setTextColor(getResources().getColor(R.color.main_home_text_gray));
break;
case ME_INDEX:
mainHomeTv.setTextColor(getResources().getColor(R.color.main_home_text_gray));
mainCzhTv.setTextColor(getResources().getColor(R.color.main_home_text_gray));
mainMeTv.setTextColor(getResources().getColor(R.color.main_home_text_blue));
break;
}
}
@Override
protected void onRestart() {
// View映射onRestart生命周期到Presenter
mIActivityLifeCycle.onRestart();
super.onRestart();
}
@Override
protected void onStart() {
super.onStart();
// View映射onStart生命周期到Presenter
mIActivityLifeCycle.onStart();
}
@Override
protected void onResume() {
super.onResume();
// View映射onResume生命周期到Presenter
mIActivityLifeCycle.onResume();
}
@Override
protected void onPause() {
// View映射onPause生命周期到Presenter
mIActivityLifeCycle.onPause();
super.onPause();
}
@Override
protected void onStop() {
// View映射onStop生命周期到Presenter
mIActivityLifeCycle.onStop();
super.onStop();
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
// View映射onDestroy生命周期到Presenter
mIActivityLifeCycle.onDestroy();
super.onDestroy();
}
@Override
public void showLoading() {
Toast.makeText(this, "正在加载", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
@Override
public void dismissLoading() {
Toast.makeText(this, "加载完成", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
@Override
public void showUserInfo(UserInfoModel userInfoModel) {
if (userInfoModel != null) {
nameTv.setText(userInfoModel.getName());
ageTv.setText(String.valueOf(userInfoModel.getAge()));
addressTv.setText(userInfoModel.getAddress());
}
}
@Override
public String loadUserId() {
return "1000";//假设需要查询的用户信息的userId是1000
}
@Override
public void setPresenter(UserInfoContract.IUserInfoActivityPresenter mIActivityPresenter) {
this.mIActivityPresenter = mIActivityPresenter;
}
public void setILifeCycle(IActivityLifeCycle mIActivityLifeCycle) {
this.mIActivityLifeCycle = mIActivityLifeCycle;
}
@OnClick(R.id.ly_main_home) void mainOnClick() {
mainPager.setCurrentItem(HOME_INDEX, false);
}
@OnClick(R.id.ly_main_czh) void czhOnClick() {
mainPager.setCurrentItem(CZH_INDEX, false);
}
@OnClick(R.id.ly_main_me) void meOnClick() {
mainPager.setCurrentItem(ME_INDEX, false);
}
}
fragment代码如下:
package com.ym.mvpdemo.module.views.userinfo;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import com.ym.mvpdemo.R;
import com.ym.mvpdemo.module.contract.UserInfoContract;
import com.ym.mvpdemo.module.presenter.userinfo.UserInfoFragmentPresenter;
import butterknife.BindView;
import butterknife.ButterKnife;
/**
* @className: UserInfoFragment
* @classDescription: Ui层(IFragment)
* @author: leibing
* @createTime: 2016/8/11
*/
public class UserInfoFragment extends Fragment implements UserInfoContract.IUserInfoFragment {
// 页面常量
public final static String PAGE_INDEX = "page_index";
// 页面数字
private int pageIndex;
// UI回调
private UserInfoContract.IUserInfoFragmentPresenter mIFragmentPresenter;
// 判断是否当前Fragment
private boolean isVisibleToUser = false;
@BindView(R.id.tv_fgm)
TextView fgmTv;
@Override
public void onAttach(Activity activity) {
super.onAttach(activity);
pageIndex = (int) getArguments().getSerializable(PAGE_INDEX) + 1;
}
@Nullable
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_main, null);
// 绑定ButterKnife
ButterKnife.bind(this, view);
fgmTv.setText("第"+ pageIndex + "页");
if (isVisibleToUser) {
new UserInfoFragmentPresenter(this);
mIFragmentPresenter.start();
}
return view;
}
@Override
public void showData() {
Toast.makeText(getActivity(), "这是第" + pageIndex + "个页面", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
@Override
public void setPresenter(UserInfoContract.IUserInfoFragmentPresenter mIFragmentPresenter) {
this.mIFragmentPresenter = mIFragmentPresenter;
}
@Override
public void setUserVisibleHint(boolean isVisibleToUser) {
super.setUserVisibleHint(isVisibleToUser);
this.isVisibleToUser = isVisibleToUser;
}
}
view层分析完后,接下来我们来分析压轴戏:presenter(逻辑层),逻辑层分组情况如下图所示:
我们可以看到逻辑层分组里面包含一个activity逻辑层类、fragment逻辑层类。 接下来我们看下activity逻辑层类,代码如下:
package com.ym.mvpdemo.module.presenter.userinfo;
import android.os.Handler;
import com.ym.mvpdemo.module.contract.IActivityLifeCycle;
import com.ym.mvpdemo.module.contract.UserInfoContract;
import com.ym.mvpdemo.module.model.UserInfoModel;
/**
* @className: UserInfoActivityPresenter
* @classDescription: 用户信息activity逻辑层
* @author: leibing
* @createTime: 2016/8/11
*/
public class UserInfoActivityPresenter implements UserInfoContract.IUserInfoActivityPresenter, IActivityLifeCycle {
// 用户信息activity接口
private UserInfoContract.IUserInfoActivity mIUserInfoActivity;
/**
* 构造函数
* @author leibing
* @createTime 2016/08/23
* @lastModify 2016/08/23
* @param mIUserInfoActivity 用户信息activity接口
* @return
*/
public UserInfoActivityPresenter(UserInfoContract.IUserInfoActivity mIUserInfoActivity) {
this.mIUserInfoActivity = mIUserInfoActivity;
// 设置逻辑
mIUserInfoActivity.setPresenter(this);
// 设置生命周期
mIUserInfoActivity.setILifeCycle(this);
}
@Override
public void loadUserInfo() {
String userId = mIUserInfoActivity.loadUserId();
System.out.println("ddddddddddddddddddddddddddd userId = " + userId);
mIUserInfoActivity.showLoading();//接口请求前显示loading
//这里模拟接口请求回调-
new Handler().postDelayed(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
//模拟接口返回的json,并转换为javaBean
UserInfoModel userInfoModel = new UserInfoModel("小宝", 1, "杭州");
mIUserInfoActivity.showUserInfo(userInfoModel);
mIUserInfoActivity.dismissLoading();
}
}, 3000);
}
@Override
public void start() {
loadUserInfo();
}
@Override
public void onRestart() {
System.out.println("ddddddddddddddddddddd present onRestart");
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
System.out.println("ddddddddddddddddddddd present onCreate");
}
@Override
public void onStart() {
System.out.println("ddddddddddddddddddddd present onStart");
}
@Override
public void onResume() {
System.out.println("ddddddddddddddddddddd present onResume");
}
@Override
public void onPause() {
System.out.println("ddddddddddddddddddddd present onPause");
}
@Override
public void onStop() {
System.out.println("ddddddddddddddddddddd present onStop");
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
System.out.println("ddddddddddddddddddddd present onDestroy");
}
}
上面代码主要是将activity 界面层与逻辑层关联起来、实现生命周期映射接口、实现逻辑层接口,有不懂得童鞋可以结合view层多看看就明白了,fragment逻辑层类似activity,就不多做分析了。
童鞋们,笔者写的这个mvp是不是很简单?大家可以尝试去写下。
项目地址: MvpDemo
效果图如下: