7-Zip是一个支持7z(它实现了LZMA压缩算法,具有非常高的压缩比)、LZMA2、XZ、ZIP、Zip64、CAB、ARJ、GZIP、BZIP2、TAR、CPIO、RPM、ISO、大多数文件系统映像和DEB格式的文件归档器。RAR格式由于不是免费许可,已经被删除了。 文内含长段代码可复制可往左滑,希望对大家有帮助!
环 境
centos7.7 Minimal
p7zip-16.02
安 装
默认Centos7没有安装p7zip安装包,默认源里面也没有这个安装包,需要安装epel源才能安装p7zip安装包。
[root @localhost~]# yum -y install epel-release
[root @localhost~]# yum -y install p7zip p7zip-plugins
使用方法
7z命令提供的函数字母与命令行选项类似,但使用时不使用 -。这些参数字母告诉命令它需要执行的函数。
压缩文件
创建一个压缩包使用 a参数
创建一个7z格式的压缩包:
[root @localhost~]# 7z a files.7z file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt file4.txt
7-Zip [ 64] 16.02: Copyright (c) 1999- 2016Igor Pavlov : 2016- 05- 21
p7zip Version 16.02(locale=en_US.UTF- 8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on, 64bits, 1CPU Intel(R)Core(TM)i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80 GHz( 906EA) ,ASM,AES-NI)
Scanning the drive:
4 files, 0 bytes
Creating archive: files.7z
Items to compress: 4
Files read from disk: 0
Archive size: 143 bytes( 1KiB)
Everything is Ok
执行完命令,查看一下是否已经创建7z格式的压缩包
创建一个包含目录的压缩包:
[root @localhost~]# 7z a gpg.7z .gnupg/
7-Zip [ 64] 16.02: Copyright (c) 1999- 2016Igor Pavlov : 2016- 05- 21
p7zip Version 16.02(locale=en_US.UTF- 8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on, 64bits, 1CPU Intel(R)Core(TM)i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80 GHz( 906EA) ,ASM,AES-NI)
Scanning the drive:
2 folders, 5 files, 8280 bytes( 9KiB)
Creating archive: gpg.7z
Items to compress: 7
Files read from disk: 2
Archive size: 4157 bytes( 5KiB)
Everything is Ok
[root@localhost ~]#
7zip还可以压缩、解压缩其他格式的压缩包。比如:创建一个.zip格式的压缩包。
[root @localhost~]# 7z a files.zip file{ 1.. 4}.txt
7-Zip [ 64] 16.02: Copyright (c) 1999- 2016Igor Pavlov : 2016- 05- 21
p7zip Version 16.02(locale=en_US.UTF- 8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on, 64bits, 1CPU Intel(R)Core(TM)i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80 GHz( 906EA) ,ASM,AES-NI)
Scanning the drive:
4 files, 0 bytes
Creating archive: files.zip
Items to compress: 4
Files read from disk: 4
Archive size: 542 bytes( 1KiB)
Everything is Ok
列出压缩包里面的内容
列出压缩包的内容使用 l参数:
[root @localhost~]# 7z l gpg.7z
7-Zip [ 64] 16.02: Copyright (c) 1999- 2016Igor Pavlov : 2016- 05- 21
p7zip Version 16.02(locale=en_US.UTF- 8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on, 64bits, 1CPU Intel(R)Core(TM)i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80 GHz( 906EA) ,ASM,AES-NI)
Scanning the drive forarchives:
1 file, 4157 bytes( 5KiB)
Listing archive: gpg.7z
--
Path = gpg.7z
Type = 7z
Physical Size = 4157
Headers Size = 278
Method = LZMA2: 12k
Solid = +
Blocks = 1
Date Time Attr Size Compressed Name
------------------- ----- ------------ ------------ ------------------------
2020- 01- 0418: 24: 05D.... 00.gnupg
2020- 01- 0418: 22: 36D.... 00.gnupg/ private-keys-v1.d
2020- 01- 0418: 24: 48....A 00.gnupg/S.gpg-agent
2020- 01- 0418: 22: 36....A 00.gnupg/pubring.gpg
2020- 01- 0418: 24: 05....A 00.gnupg/secring.gpg
2020- 01- 0418: 22: 36....A 76803879.gnupg/gpg.conf
2020- 01- 0418: 24: 52....A 600.gnupg/random_seed
------------------- ----- ------------ ------------ ------------------------
2020- 01- 0418: 24: 52828038795files, 2folders
解压文件
使用 e来解压文件,解压所有文件到当前目录。(不推荐使用)
[root @localhosttest]# 7z e gpg.7z
7-Zip [ 64] 16.02: Copyright (c) 1999- 2016Igor Pavlov : 2016- 05- 21
p7zip Version 16.02(locale=en_US.UTF- 8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on, 64bits, 1CPU Intel(R)Core(TM)i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80 GHz( 906EA) ,ASM,AES-NI)
Scanning the drive forarchives:
1 file, 4157 bytes( 5KiB)
Extracting archive: gpg.7z
--
Path = gpg.7z
Type = 7z
Physical Size = 4157
Headers Size = 278
Method = LZMA2: 12k
Solid = +
Blocks = 1
Everything is Ok
Folders: 2
Files: 5
Size: 8280
Compressed: 4157
可以看到所有文件都解压到当前目录了。
现在使用 x参数解压文件看一下。
[root @localhosttest]# 7z x gpg.7z
7-Zip [ 64] 16.02: Copyright (c) 1999- 2016Igor Pavlov : 2016- 05- 21
p7zip Version 16.02(locale=en_US.UTF- 8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on, 64bits, 1CPU Intel(R)Core(TM)i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80 GHz( 906EA) ,ASM,AES-NI)
Scanning the drive forarchives:
1 file, 4157 bytes( 5KiB)
Extracting archive: gpg.7z
--
Path = gpg.7z
Type = 7z
Physical Size = 4157
Headers Size = 278
Method = LZMA2: 12k
Solid = +
Blocks = 1
Everything is Ok
Folders: 2
Files: 5
Size: 8280
Compressed: 4157
可以看到解压出来的文件,按照原来文件的目录形式解压出来的。
更新压缩包
一段时间之后,需要将一些新文件添加到文件夹中,并且希望将他们添加到压缩包里面,可以不用创建一个新的压缩包,只需要更新现有的压缩包就可以。
首先将test目录压缩
[root @localhosttest]# 7z a files.7z test/
7-Zip [ 64] 16.02: Copyright (c) 1999- 2016Igor Pavlov : 2016- 05- 21
p7zip Version 16.02(locale=en_US.UTF- 8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on, 64bits, 1CPU Intel(R)Core(TM)i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80 GHz( 906EA) ,ASM,AES-NI)
Scanning the drive:
1 folder, 4 files, 0 bytes
Creating archive: files.7z
Items to compress: 5
Files read from disk: 0
Archive size: 158 bytes( 1KiB)
Everything is Ok
在test文件夹中创建几个文件,然后再更新压缩包:
[root @localhosttest]# touch test/file{ 5.. 10}.txt
[root @localhosttest]# 7z u files.7z test/
7-Zip [ 64] 16.02: Copyright (c) 1999- 2016Igor Pavlov : 2016- 05- 21
p7zip Version 16.02(locale=en_US.UTF- 8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on, 64bits, 1CPU Intel(R)Core(TM)i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80 GHz( 906EA) ,ASM,AES-NI)
Open archive: files.7z
--
Path = files.7z
Type = 7z
Physical Size = 158
Headers Size = 158
Solid = -
Blocks = 0
Scanning the drive:
1folder, 10files, 0bytes
Updating archive: files.7z
Items to compress: 7
Files read from disk: 0
Archive size: 186bytes ( 1KiB)
Everything is Ok
查看一下是否已经添加文件。
[root @localhosttest]# 7z l files.7z
7-Zip [ 64] 16.02: Copyright (c) 1999- 2016Igor Pavlov : 2016- 05- 21
p7zip Version 16.02(locale=en_US.UTF- 8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on, 64bits, 1CPU Intel(R)Core(TM)i5-8400 CPU @ 2.80 GHz( 906EA) ,ASM,AES-NI)
Scanning the drive forarchives:
1 file, 186 bytes( 1KiB)
Listing archive: files.7z
--
Path = files.7z
Type = 7z
Physical Size = 186
Headers Size = 186
Solid = -
Blocks = 0
Date Time Attr Size Compressed Name
------------------- ----- ------------ ------------ ------------------------
2020- 03- 1114: 24: 54D.... 00test
2020- 03- 1114: 18: 22....A 00test/file1.txt
2020- 03- 1114: 24: 54....A 00test/file10.txt
2020- 03- 1114: 18: 22....A 00test/file2.txt
2020- 03- 1114: 18: 22....A 00test/file3.txt
2020- 03- 1114: 18: 22....A 00test/file4.txt
2020- 03- 1114: 24: 54....A 00test/file5.txt
2020- 03- 1114: 24: 54....A 00test/file6.txt
2020- 03- 1114: 24: 54....A 00test/file7.txt
2020- 03- 1114: 24: 54....A 00test/file8.txt
2020- 03- 1114: 24: 54....A 00test/file9.txt
------------------- ----- ------------ ------------ ------------------------
2020- 03- 1114: 24: 540010files, 1folders
总 结
本文至此结束,7z格式的压缩比例比ZIP格式的压缩比例高30%-50%。