一、List定义:
List是stl实现的双向链表,与向量(vectors)相比, 它允许快速的插入和删除,但是随机访问却比较慢。使用时需要添加头文件
#include <list>
二、List定义和初始化:
list<int>lst1; //创建空list
list<int> lst2(5); //创建含有5个元素的list
list<int>lst3(3,2); //创建含有3个元素的list
list<int>lst4(lst2); //使用lst2初始化lst4
list<int>lst5(lst2.begin(),lst2.end()); //同lst4
三、List常用操作函数:
Lst1.assign() 给list赋值
Lst1.back() 返回最后一个元素
Lst1.begin() 返回指向第一个元素的迭代器
Lst1.clear() 删除所有元素
Lst1.empty() 如果list是空的则返回true
Lst1.end() 返回末尾的迭代器
Lst1.erase() 删除一个元素
Lst1.front() 返回第一个元素
Lst1.get_allocator() 返回list的配置器
Lst1.insert() 插入一个元素到list中
Lst1.max_size() 返回list能容纳的最大元素数量
Lst1.merge() 合并两个list
Lst1.pop_back() 删除最后一个元素
Lst1.pop_front() 删除第一个元素
Lst1.push_back() 在list的末尾添加一个元素
Lst1.push_front() 在list的头部添加一个元素
Lst1.rbegin() 返回指向第一个元素的逆向迭代器
Lst1.remove() 从list删除元素
Lst1.remove_if() 按指定条件删除元素
Lst1.rend() 指向list末尾的逆向迭代器
Lst1.resize() 改变list的大小
Lst1.reverse() 把list的元素倒转
Lst1.size() 返回list中的元素个数
Lst1.sort() 给list排序
Lst1.splice() 合并两个list
Lst1.swap() 交换两个list
Lst1.unique() 删除list中重复的元素
四、List使用示例:
示例1:遍历List
//迭代器法
for(list<int>::const_iteratoriter = lst1.begin();iter != lst1.end();iter++) { cout<<*iter; } cout<<endl;
示例2:
#include <IOStream> #include <list> #include <numeric> #include <algorithm> #include <windows.h> using namespace std; typedef list<int> LISTINT; typedef list<int> LISTCHAR; void main() { //用LISTINT创建一个list对象 LISTINT listOne; //声明i为迭代器 LISTINT::iterator i; listOne.push_front(3); listOne.push_front(2); listOne.push_front(1); listOne.push_back(4); listOne.push_back(5); listOne.push_back(6); cout << "listOne.begin()--- listOne.end():" << endl; for (i = listOne.begin(); i != listOne.end(); ++i) cout << *i << " "; cout << endl; LISTINT::reverse_iterator ir; cout << "listOne.rbegin()---listOne.rend():" << endl; for (ir = listOne.rbegin(); ir != listOne.rend(); ir++) { cout << *ir << " "; } cout << endl; int result = accumulate(listOne.begin(), listOne.end(), 0); cout << "Sum=" << result << endl; cout << "------------------" << endl; //用LISTCHAR创建一个list对象 LISTCHAR listTwo; //声明i为迭代器 LISTCHAR::iterator j; listTwo.push_front('C'); listTwo.push_front('B'); listTwo.push_front('A'); listTwo.push_back('D'); listTwo.push_back('E'); listTwo.push_back('F'); cout << "listTwo.begin()---listTwo.end():" << endl; for (j = listTwo.begin(); j != listTwo.end(); ++j) cout << char(*j) << " "; cout << endl; j = max_element(listTwo.begin(), listTwo.end()); cout << "The maximum element in listTwo is: " << char(*j) << endl; Sleep(10000); }
#include <iostream> #include <list> #include <windows.h> using namespace std; typedef list<int> INTLIST; //从前向后显示list队列的全部元素 void put_list(INTLIST list, char *name) { INTLIST::iterator plist; cout << "The contents of " << name << " : "; for (plist = list.begin(); plist != list.end(); plist++) cout << *plist << " "; cout << endl; } //测试list容器的功能 void main(void) { //list1对象初始为空 INTLIST list1; INTLIST list2(5, 1); INTLIST list3(list2.begin(), --list2.end()); //声明一个名为i的双向迭代器 INTLIST::iterator i; put_list(list1, "list1"); put_list(list2, "list2"); put_list(list3, "list3"); list1.push_back(7); list1.push_back(8); cout << "list1.push_back(7) and list1.push_back(8):" << endl; put_list(list1, "list1"); list1.push_front(6); list1.push_front(5); cout << "list1.push_front(6) and list1.push_front(5):" << endl; put_list(list1, "list1"); list1.insert(++list1.begin(), 3, 9); cout << "list1.insert(list1.begin()+1,3,9):" << endl; put_list(list1, "list1"); //测试引用类函数 cout << "list1.front()=" << list1.front() << endl; cout << "list1.back()=" << list1.back() << endl; list1.pop_front(); list1.pop_back(); cout << "list1.pop_front() and list1.pop_back():" << endl; put_list(list1, "list1"); list1.erase(++list1.begin()); cout << "list1.erase(++list1.begin()):" << endl; put_list(list1, "list1"); list2.assign(8, 1); cout << "list2.assign(8,1):" << endl; put_list(list2, "list2"); cout << "list1.max_size(): " << list1.max_size() << endl; cout << "list1.size(): " << list1.size() << endl; cout << "list1.empty(): " << list1.empty() << endl; put_list(list1, "list1"); put_list(list3, "list3"); cout << "list1>list3: " << (list1 > list3) << endl; cout << "list1<list3: " << (list1 < list3) << endl; list1.sort(); put_list(list1, "list1"); list1.splice(++list1.begin(), list3); put_list(list1, "list1"); put_list(list3, "list3"); Sleep(10000); }