最近
有些朋友
看完小帅b的文章之后
把小帅b的表情包都偷了
还在我的微信
疯狂发表情包嘚瑟
我就呵呵了
只能说一句
盘他
还有一些朋友
看完文章不点好看
还来催更
小帅b也只能说一句
继续盘他
ok
接下来我们要来玩一个新的库
这个库的名称叫做
Requests
这个库比我们上次说的 python爬虫03:那个叫 Urllib 的库让我们的 python 假装是浏览器可是要牛逼一丢丢的
毕竟 Requests 是在 urllib 的基础上搞出来的
通过它我们可以用更少的代码
模拟浏览器操作
人生苦短
接下来就是
学习 Python 的正确姿势
skr
对于不是 python 的内置库
我们需要安装一下
直接使用 pip 安装
pip install requests
安装完后就可以使用了
接下来就来感受一下 requests 吧
导入 requests 模块
import requests
一行代码 Get 请求
r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events')
一行代码 Post 请求
r = requests.post('https://httpbin.org/post', data = {'key':'value'})
其它乱七八糟的 Http 请求
>>> r = requests.put('https://httpbin.org/put', data = {'key':'value'})
>>> r = requests.delete('https://httpbin.org/delete')
>>> r = requests.head('https://httpbin.org/get')
>>> r = requests.options('https://httpbin.org/get')
想要携带请求参数是吧?
>>> payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
>>> r = requests.get('https://httpbin.org/get', params=payload)
假装自己是浏览器
>>> url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint'
>>> headers = {'user-agent': 'my-App/0.0.1'}
>>> r = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
获取服务器响应文本内容
>>> import requests
>>> r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events')
>>> r.text
u'[{"repository":{"open_issues":0,"url":"https://github.com/...
>>> r.encoding
'utf-8'
获取字节响应内容
>>> r.content
b'[{"repository":{"open_issues":0,"url":"https://github.com/...
获取响应码
>>> r = requests.get('https://httpbin.org/get')
>>> r.status_code
200
获取响应头
>>> r.headers
{
'content-encoding': 'gzip',
'transfer-encoding': 'chunked',
'connection': 'close',
'server': 'Nginx/1.0.4',
'x-runtime': '148ms',
'etag': '"e1ca502697e5c9317743dc078f67693f"',
'content-type': 'application/json'
}
获取 Json 响应内容
>>> import requests
>>> r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events')
>>> r.json()
[{u'repository': {u'open_issues': 0, u'url': 'https://github.com/...
获取 socket 流响应内容
>>> r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events', stream=True)
>>> r.raw
<urllib3.response.HTTPResponse object at 0x101194810>
>>> r.raw.read(10)
'\x1f\x8b\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x03'
Post请求
当你想要一个键里面添加多个值的时候
>>> payload_tuples = [('key1', 'value1'), ('key1', 'value2')]
>>> r1 = requests.post('https://httpbin.org/post', data=payload_tuples)
>>> payload_dict = {'key1': ['value1', 'value2']}
>>> r2 = requests.post('https://httpbin.org/post', data=payload_dict)
>>> print(r1.text)
{ ... "form": { "key1": [ "value1", "value2" ] }, ...}
>>> r1.text == r2.text
True
请求的时候用 json 作为参数
>>> url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint'
>>> payload = {'some': 'data'}
>>> r = requests.post(url, json=payload)
想上传文件?
>>> url = 'https://httpbin.org/post'
>>> files = {'file': open('report.xls', 'rb')}
>>> r = requests.post(url, files=files)
>>> r.text
{ ... "files": { "file": "<censored...binary...data>" }, ...}
获取 cookie 信息
>>> url = 'http://example.com/some/cookie/setting/url'
>>> r = requests.get(url)
>>> r.cookies['example_cookie_name']
'example_cookie_value'
发送 cookie 信息
>>> url = 'https://httpbin.org/cookies'
>>> cookies = dict(cookies_are='working')
>>> r = requests.get(url, cookies=cookies)
>>> r.text
'{"cookies": {"cookies_are": "working"}}'
设置超时
>>> requests.get('https://github.com/', timeout=0.001)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>requests.exceptions.Timeout: HTTPConnectionPool(host='github.com', port=80): Request timed out. (timeout=0.001)
除了牛逼
还能说什么呢??