========== 实验环境 ==========
windows Server 2003
Windows Server XP
========== 实验环境 ==========
DHCP:Dynamic Host Configure Protocol
作用:自动为客户机分配IP地址
优点:减少工作量,避免IP冲突,提高地址的利用率
相关概念:
地址池/作用域:IP、子网掩码、网关、DNS、租期
协议端口:UPD 67/68
原理:
(租约过程)
1. 客户机发送DHCP Discovery广播包(发现)
客户机广播请求IP地址(包含客户机的mac地址)
2. 服务器响应DHCP Offer广播包(提供)
服务器响应提供的IP地址(但无子网掩码、网关等参数)
3. 客户机发送DHCP Request广播包(选择)
客户机选择IP(也可认为确认使用哪个IP)
4. 服务器发送DHCP ACK广播包
服务器确定了租约,并提供网卡详细参数,IP、掩码、网关、DNS、租期等
理解:
租房过程:
1. 我要租房(客户提供身份证等材料信息)
2. (房东)我这里有房(IP地址),要不要看下
3. (房子多),最后确定要租哪套房
4. 客户定了房子,房东提供合同,电卡、门禁等,最后合同里写名租期
续约:
当租期一半过后,客户机会再次发送DHCP Request包,进行续约,如服务器无响应,则继续使用,用到租期87.5%,再次发送DHCP Request包进行续约,如服务器仍然无响应,则释放自己的IP地址,并再一次发送DHCP Discovery广播包来获取IP地址,当无服务器响应时,自动给自己分配一个169.254.x.x/16的IP地址(属于全球统一无效地址,用于临时内网通信)!
DHCP部署:
XP: 自动获取IP地址
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2003:DHCP服务器(IP地址固定)
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状态:
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步骤:
1. IP地址固定(服务器必须固定IP地址),用什么地址?必须用将来提供给其他计算机的IP地址处于同一网段
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2. 安装DHCP服务软件
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3. 建立作用域(也就是地址池)及作用域选项
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4. 激活
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5. xp验证
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ipconfig /release 释放IP(取消租约,或手动配置IP,也可以释放租约)
ipconfig /renew 重新获取IP(有IP,发送Request续约,没有IP,发送Discovery重新获取IP)
DHCP详细信息:
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地址保留:对指定的MAC地址,固定动态分配IP地址!
(比如:10.1.1.88)
1. 手动静态分配
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不足:换了网络环境,又需要重新修改相同网段的地址
- 保留选项
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验证:
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