.NETdata 是一个免费、开源、实时的服务器监控工具,可以可视化和监控实时数据,如 CPU 使用率、RAM 使用率、负载、SWAP 使用率、带宽使用率、磁盘使用率等。它可以帮助系统管理员了解您的系统或应用程序中正在发生的事情以及刚刚发生的事情。它可以安装在任何物理服务器、虚拟机、容器和物联网设备上。它提供了一个交互式 Web 界面来查看您的服务器指标,并支持用于持久存储的各种数据存储。
在本教程中,我们将向您展示如何在 Alma linux 8 上安装 Netdata 监控工具。
首先,您需要安装 EPEL 存储库和安装 Netdata 所需的其他依赖项,您可以通过运行以下命令来安装所有这些:
dnf install epel-release -y
dnf install git libuuid-devel autoconf automake pkgconfig zlib-devel curl findutils libmnl gcc make -y
安装完所有软件包后,您可以继续下一步。
默认情况下,Netdata 不包含在 Alma Linux 默认存储库中。因此,您需要从源代码安装它。
首先,使用以下命令从 Git 存储库下载最新版本的 Netdata:
git clone --recurse-submodules https://Github.com/netdata/netdata.git --depth=100
下载完成后,将目录更改为 netdata 并使用以下命令安装所有必需的依赖项:
cd
netdata ./packaging/installer/install-required-packages.sh --non-interactive --dont-wAIt netdata
接下来,使用以下命令安装其他软件包:
dnf --enablerepo=powertools install libuv-devel
接下来,运行 Netdata 安装脚本开始安装。
./netdata-installer.sh
您将获得以下输出:
--- real-time performance monitoring, done right! ---
You are about to build and install netdata to your system.
The build process will use /tmp for
any temporary files. You can override this by setting $TMPDIR to a
writable directory where you can execute files.
It will be installed at these locations:
- the daemon at /usr/sbin/netdata
- config files in /etc/netdata
- web files in /usr/share/netdata
- plugins in /usr/libexec/netdata
- cache files in /var/cache/netdata
- db files in /var/lib/netdata
- log files in /var/log/netdata
- pid file at /var/run/netdata.pid
- logrotate file at /etc/logrotate.d/netdata
This installer allows you to change the installation path.
Press Control-C and run the same command with --help for help.
NOTE:
Anonymous usage stats will be collected and sent to Netdata.
To opt-out, pass --disable-telemetry option to the installer or export
the environment variable DISABLE_TELEMETRY to a non-zero or non-empty value
(e.g: export DISABLE_TELEMETRY=1).
Press ENTER to build and install netdata to your system >
按 Enter 键将 Netdata 安装到您的系统。安装 Netdata 后,您将获得以下输出:
将 netdata.tarball.checksum 设置为“new_installation”
Setting netdata.tarball.checksum to 'new_installation'
--- We are done! ---
^
|.-. .-. .-. .-. .-. . netdata .-. .-. .-. .-. .-. .-
| '-' '-' '-' '-' '-' '-' '-' '-' '-' '-'
+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--->
--- is installed and running now! ---
enjoy real-time performance and health monitoring...
systemctl start netdata
systemctl enable netdata
您现在可以使用以下命令检查 Netdata 的状态。
systemctl status netdata
您将获得以下输出:
? netdata.service - Real time performance monitoring
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/netdata.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Sat 2022-03-19 04:22:22 UTC; 4min 16s ago
Main PID: 58935 (netdata)
Tasks: 50 (limit: 11412)
Memory: 103.1M
CGroup: /system.slice/netdata.service
??58935 /usr/sbin/netdata -P /var/run/netdata/netdata.pid -D
??58938 /usr/sbin/netdata --special-spawn-server
??59063 /usr/libexec/netdata/plugins.d/Apps.plugin 1
??59064 /usr/libexec/netdata/plugins.d/ebpf.plugin 1
??59065 /usr/libexec/netdata/plugins.d/go.d.plugin 1
Mar 19 04:22:22 linux systemd[1]: Starting Real time performance monitoring...
Mar 19 04:22:22 linux systemd[1]: Started Real time performance monitoring.
Mar 19 04:22:22 linux netdata[58935]: CONFIG: cannot load cloud config '/var/lib/netdata/cloud.d/cloud.conf'. Running with internal defaults.
Mar 19 04:22:22 linux netdata[58935]: 2022-03-19 04:22:22: netdata INFO : MAIN : CONFIG: cannot load cloud config '/var/lib/netdata/cloud.d/>
Mar 19 04:22:22 linux netdata[58935]: 2022-03-19 04:22:22: netdata INFO : MAIN : Found 0 legacy dbengines, setting multidb diskspace to 256MB
Mar 19 04:22:22 linux netdata[58935]: 2022-03-19 04:22:22: netdata INFO : MAIN : Created file '/var/lib/netdata/dbengine_multihost_size' to >
Mar 19 04:22:22 linux netdata[58935]: Found 0 legacy dbengines, setting multidb diskspace to 256MB
Mar 19 04:22:22 linux netdata[58935]: Created file '/var/lib/netdata/dbengine_multihost_size' to store the computed value
Mar 19 04:22:23 linux ebpf.plugin[59064]: Does not have a configuration file inside `/etc/netdata/ebpf.d.conf. It will try to load stock file.
Mar 19 04:22:23 linux ebpf.plugin[59064]: Cannot read process groups configuration file '/etc/netdata/apps_groups.conf'. Will try '/usr/lib/n>
此时,Netdata 正在运行并监听 19999 端口。您可以使用以下命令检查它:
ss -antpl | grep netdata
您将获得以下输出:
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:8125 0.0.0.0:* users:(("netdata",pid=58935,fd=29))
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:19999 0.0.0.0:* users:(("netdata",pid=58935,fd=6))
LISTEN 0 128 [::1]:8125 [::]:* users:(("netdata",pid=58935,fd=28))
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:19999 [::]:* users:(("netdata",pid=58935,fd=7))
完成后,您可以继续下一步。
如果您在系统上使用 firewalld 防火墙,那么您需要允许端口19999和80通过 firewalld。您可以使用以下命令允许它们:
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=19999/tcp
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=80/tcp
接下来,重新加载 firewalld 守护进程以应用更改:
firewall-cmd --reload
完成后,您可以继续下一步。
将 Nginx 安装和配置为反向代理以访问 Netdata 始终是一个好主意。首先,使用以下命令安装 Nginx 服务器:
dnf install nginx httpd-tools -y
接下来,使用以下命令生成密码文件:
htpasswd -c /etc/nginx/.htpasswd netadmin
设置您的管理员密码,如下所示:
New password:
Re-type new password:
Adding password for user netadmin
接下来,使用以下命令创建一个 Nginx 虚拟主机配置文件:
nano /etc/nginx/conf.d/netdata.conf
添加以下行:
upstream backend {
server 127.0.0.1:19999;
keepalive 64;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name netdata.example.com;
location / {
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Server $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass http://backend;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_pass_request_headers on;
proxy_set_header Connection "keep-alive";
proxy_store off;
auth_basic "Private Property";
auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/.htpasswd;
}
}
保存并关闭文件,然后验证 Nginx 是否存在任何语法配置错误:
nginx -t
如果一切正常,您将获得以下输出:
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
接下来,重新启动 Nginx 服务以应用配置更改:
systemctl restart nginx
您还可以使用以下命令检查 Nginx 状态:
systemctl status nginx
您应该看到以下输出:
? nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Sat 2022-03-19 04:28:44 UTC; 4s ago
Process: 61706 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 61705 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 61703 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /run/nginx.pid (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 61708 (nginx)
Tasks: 2 (limit: 11412)
Memory: 3.7M
CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
??61708 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx
??61709 nginx: worker process
Mar 19 04:28:44 linux systemd[1]: Starting The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server...
Mar 19 04:28:44 linux nginx[61705]: nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
Mar 19 04:28:44 linux nginx[61705]: nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
Mar 19 04:28:44 linux systemd[1]: nginx.service: Failed to parse PID from file /run/nginx.pid: Invalid argument
Mar 19 04:28:44 linux systemd[1]: Started The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.
完成后,您可以继续下一步。
现在,打开您的 Web 浏览器并使用 URL http://your-server-ip 访问 Netdata 仪表板。您应该看到 Netdata 登录页面:
提供您的管理员用户名、密码,然后单击登录按钮。您应该在以下页面上看到 Netdata 仪表板:
恭喜!您已在 Alma Linux 8 上成功安装了 Netdata 监控工具。您现在可以从 Netdata 仪表板开始实时监控您的服务器矩阵,如果您有任何问题,请随时问我。